![]() ![]() The wide-set stripes show the additional land annexed or occupied by the new German Empire by 1914. The solid red shows Prussia's 1715 domain, and the compact red stripes highlight the areas annexed by Prussia between 17. ![]() The red areas on this map mark the territory of Prussia, which had forcefully unified Germany after 1871. Some of the earliest "octopus maps" were actually of German origin, including one from 1870 showing Russia as the grasping octopus. ![]() A representation of greed with its ability to entangle eight entities at one time, the octopus was a common theme of propaganda maps during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Its tentacles stretch throughout Europe, menacingly wrapped around England, France, Romania, Greece, and Italy. The title of this map proclaims that "War is the National Industry of Prussia." The map depicts Germany as a green octopus wearing a Pickelhaube, the traditional spiked helmet that had come to symbolize German militarism. In his last paragraph, Emanuel concludes, "Peace has gone to the Dogs for the present-until a satisfactory muzzle has been found for that Dachshund." Intriguingly, this map was copied and released in Germany as an example of British propaganda. The bulldog has a firm bite on the nose of the Dachshund while shielding a small, injured "Belgian Griffon." Approaching the Dachshund and Austrian Mongrel from the east is Russia, pictured as a steamroller driven by Tsar Nicholas II. ![]() Opposing the Dachshund are a French Poodle and English Bulldog. Emanuel wastes no time in ascribing the cause of the war to the lunacy of Germany, a "Dachshund that is thought to have gone mad." The bug-eyed German canine has whiskers resembling an imperial mustache, wears a spiked helmet, and is being choked by a collar attaching him to an equally overwrought "Austrian Mongrel." The Austrian Mongrel, meanwhile, is being stung by bees representing Serbia and its ally, Montenegro. The map also features a commentary written by a Punch magazine writer, Walter Emanuel, who was well-known in Britain at the time. employee, "Hark! Hark! The Dogs Do Bark!" populates a map of Europe with illustrations of dogs and other animals, each representing a European country. Designed in autumn of 1914 by an unknown Johnson Riddle & Co. ![]()
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